Crowdfunding udziałowy (2/2) – W co inwestować

W poprzednim artykule: Crowdfunding udziałowy (1/2) opisałem pokrótce, czym tak naprawdę jest crowdfunding udziałowy oraz na jakie czynniki powinni brać pod uwagę emitenci. Dziś skupię się nad tym, w jaki sposób to my (inwestorzy) powinniśmy wybierać spółki do naszego portfela inwestycyjnego. Wybieramy relatywnie małe (czasem średnie) przedsiębiorstwa, które często są stosunkowo młode, które istnieją kilka lat, przez co posiadają jeszcze nieugruntowaną pozycją na rynku. Dlatego warto angażować więcej czasu przy wyborze. Kryteria, którymi warto się kierować:
– Kapitał ludzki jest tu bardzo ważny. Na tym etapie inwestujemy głównie w ludzi. Powinniśmy uważnie prześwietlić kadrę zarządzającą. Sprawdzić ich dotychczasowe doświadczenia i osiągnięcia,
– Spoglądać na licznik inwestorów oraz kwotę, jaką zebrano. Im bliżej celu tym większa szansa, że inwestujemy w przedsiębiorstwo, które dostanie dodatkowego „kopa”, a nie takie, którego koszty emisji będą większe niż zbiórka Więcej na ten temat w artykule: Crowdfunding udziałowy (1/2) – Co to jest i jak działa? Uwaga: Coraz częściej pojawiają się zbiórki, w których wraz z zebranym kapitałem, rośnie cena jednostkowa akcji. Wtedy, jeżeli wierzymy w tą firmę, warto kupić akcje tańsze (z dyskontem),
– Analizować ofertę emisyjną, dokumenty ofertowe oraz raporty finansowe (zawsze można o nie poprosić w mailu/komentarzu),
– Prześwietlenie przedsiębiorstwa poza platformą. Sprawdzić ich produkty, obsługę, stronę, media społecznościowe, KRS i wiele innych. Tutaj sami musimy dostosować działania,
– Czytać komentarze pod ofertami. Tam często pojawiają się pytania/wątpliwości inwestorów. Tutaj łatwo możemy je skonfrontować oraz zobaczyć w jaki sposób jest prowadzona dyskusja z potencjalnymi akcjonariuszami,
– Sami również powinniśmy zadać pytania i wątpliwości, jeśli takowe mamy,
– Dodatkowo często przy zakupie odpowiednich pakietów możemy otrzymać „bonusy”, które nas zainteresują. Jest to niewątpliwe coś miłego i pozwoli nam się bardziej utożsamiać z marką. Jeżeli jednak są tam „gadżety”, których tak naprawdę nie chcemy, po zakupie, warto z nich zrezygnować by nie obciążać kosztami spółki,
– Policzyć na ile przedsiębiorstwo zostało wycenione i czy jest to realna wycena. Liczy się to bardzo prosto. Cena akcji razy liczbę wszystkich akcji (nie tylko tych sprzedawanych w ramach emisji),
– Warto również sprawdzić portal crowdnews.pl, który robi dobre analizy poszczególnych emisji.
To są główne czynniki, które biorę pod uwagę przy crowdfundingu udziałowym. Zalecam tutaj również dywersyfikację. Pamiętajmy, że ryzyko jest większe niż w regulowanym rynku (GPW). Dlatego powinniśmy wiedzieć, że przedsiębiorstwa z nowych technologii (często startupu) mają większe ryzyko niż inwestycja w prostsze biznesy (np. alkohole). Sam jestem fanem tego typu pozyskiwania kapitału. Przyznam, że bardziej wierzę w biznesy typu B2C w tym modelu. To on może najlepiej wykorzystać rozproszony akcjonariat, jako fanów. Choć są również perełki z innych segmentów (B2B, B2G) takie jak ESCOLA, PELIXAR czy MC2 Innovations które świetnie poradziły sobie w zbiórkach. Jednak w ich wypadku stawiano sobie również mniejsze kwoty, jako cele. Co jest bardzo dobrym rozwiązaniem.
Kolejnym etapem jest moment wyjścia z inwestycji. No i to jest pięta achillesa tego sposobu lokowania pieniędzy. Nie wiemy, kiedy tak naprawdę będziemy mogli zbyć akcje. Możemy oczywiście znaleźć kupca na nasz pakiet, lecz jest to bardzo trudne i jak na razie nie ma płynności. Wiec tak naprawdę będziemy akcjonariuszami do póki na drodze nie pojawi się model wyjścia. Może to być wejście nowego dużego inwestora, wykup przez spółkę lub wejście na New Contect lub GPW. Dodatkowo w najbliższych latach zazwyczaj nie mamy, co liczyć na dywidendę gdyż spółka będzie wszystkie zarobione środki reinwestować. Nie oznacza to, że spółka nie będzie nam płacić świetnych dywidend, lecz ten moment trudno przewidzieć.
Ehh… To wbijanie ludzi na minę, naprawdę lepiej już spekulować na krypto, czy śmieciach z New Connect – przynajmniej można sprzedać i mieć stratę podatkową, a Beesfund to jest jedna wielka porażka. Na razie ANI JEDNA spółka tam nie zapewniła nikomu możliwości wyjścia. Ja oczywiście też się skusiłem, ale jak dla mnie niewielkimi kwotami, na 2- 3 projekty “hobbystycznie” (Browar Jastrzębie min). Przyznaję się tu do braku rozsądku, ale nie piszę bloga nazywającego topienie kasy ludzi “inwestowaniem”.
Tylko crowdconnect ma jakikolwiek sens z tych platform, bo PROGRAMOWO deklaruje wprowadzanie tam sprzedawanych spółek na new connect, więc przynajmniej będzie jak wyjść (abstrahując od jakości projektów),a ta reszta to.. no szkoda gadać.
Nie jest to żadna tajemnica że akcję nie będą od początku notowane na giełdzie. Sam sprzedałem już akcje z jednego crowdfundingu za 150%. Czy to się okaże mina czy świetna okazja inwestycyjna to się okaże 🙂 Z pewnością będą tam nieudane projekty i świetne – jak wszędzie. Trzeba umieć odpowiednio wybierać.
Świetny tekst. Według mnie – pytać, pytać, pytać. Jeśli tylko mamy jakieś wątpliwości to pytać o wszystko. Jak czegoś nie rozumiesz – nie inwestuj.
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